本發明屬于基因工程領域,具體涉及一類耐熱型植酸酶突變體及其編碼基因和應用。
背景技術:
:植物性飼料中含有大量的植酸磷,但這些植酸磷不能被單胃畜禽動物有效地利用,造成了無機磷的浪費,同時未被利用的磷源通過糞便排泄到環境中,導致了環境污染。此外,植酸磷還是一種抗營養因子,它在動物胃腸道中會與多種金屬離子如鈣、鎂、鋅、鐵等以及蛋白質鰲合形成不溶性復合物,降低了動物對這些營養物質的有效利用。植酸酶是催化植酸及其鹽類水解為肌醇與磷酸鹽的一類酶的總稱,它可以催化肌醇六磷酸(鹽或醋)脫掉磷酸基團,從而分解動物飼料中的天然有機磷。在飼料中添加植酸酶可以代替部分磷酸氫鈣,同時降低動物糞便中的磷,減少了集約化畜牧場排除糞便中磷對環境的污染。目前,市場中的植酸酶多數有比較好的活性,但是很多耐熱性能一般。通常飼料生產中,酶制劑與飼料混勻后在80℃左右的高溫造粒,在此過程中酶易變性失活,解決這一問題的一種方法是利用包被劑和載體來提高酶的耐熱性,但這無疑會增加酶制劑的生產成本,而且采用包被處理酶制劑會嚴重影響其生物利用率;另一種經濟有效的方法就是通過改良酶的基因提高其耐熱性。從酶的基因和結構入手,篩選得到耐熱型植酸酶對降低目前飼用植酸酶的生產成本,提高其利用效率具有重要的意義。技術實現要素:本發明的發明目的是提供了一類耐熱型植酸酶突變體及其編碼基因和應用,本發明通過人工基因突變和大量篩選的方法,對大腸桿菌來源的植酸酶ghph-1(氨基酸序列seqidno:2,編碼的核苷酸序列seqidno:1)進行改良,優選地,首先在ghph-1的第63位點進行定點飽和突變,篩選得到熱穩定性提高的突變體ghph-c,繼續以ghph-c為模板用易錯pcr的方法對該基因進行二輪隨機突變,經過大批量篩選,得到熱穩定性進一步提高的突變體ghph-c1、ghph-c2、ghph-c3、ghph-c4、ghph-c5、ghph-c6和ghph-c7。為實現上述發明目的,本發明采用以下技術方案予以實現:本發明提供了耐熱型單位點植酸酶突變體ghph-c,所述的植酸酶突變體ghph-c的氨基酸序列如seqidno:3所示,所述突變體ghph-c由氨基酸序列為seqidno:2的植酸酶的第63位氨基酸由arg變為cys獲得。本發明提供了耐熱型雙位點植酸酶突變體,所述雙位點植酸酶突變體包括:氨基酸序列如seqidno:4所示的ghph-c1、氨基酸序列如seqidno:5所示的ghph-c2、氨基酸序列如seqidno:6所示的ghph-c3和氨基酸序列如seqidno:7所示的ghph-c4。本發明提供了耐熱型三位點植酸酶突變體,所述三位點植酸酶突變體包括氨基酸序列如seqidno:8所示的ghph-c5和氨基酸序列如seqidno:9所示的ghph-c6。本發明提供了耐熱型五位點植酸酶突變體ghph-c7,其具有如seqidno:10所示的氨基酸序列。本發明提供了分別產生所述的植酸酶突變體的編碼基因。本發明提供了含有所述的植酸酶突變體的編碼基因的重組菌株。所述重組菌株為畢赤酵母gs115。本發明提供了所述的植酸酶突變體在用于制備水產類養殖飼料中的應用。本發明提供了所述的植酸酶突變體在用于制備畜禽類養殖飼料中的應用,所述畜禽類包括豬、肉雞、蛋雞和鴨。進一步的:所述植酸酶突變體用于飼料中時以液體酶制劑或固體酶制劑形式混勻在飼料中使用,其使用量為每克飼料中包含1~10u植酸酶。與現有技術相比,本發明的優點和技術效果是:本發明基于seqidno:1的植酸酶ghph-1,所述植酸酶突變體首先在第63位的氨基酸有改變,置換方式為r63c;其次可能在第10位、第29位、第138位、第172位、第207位、第243位、第287位、第297位、第307位和第397位中一個或多個位置的氨基酸有改變,相應的置換方式為:s10n、m29f、a138l、f172w、l207e、w243p、q287s、v297m、l307p、g311k和t397e。本發明以植酸酶ghph-1為基礎,提供了包含r63c的單點突變體ghph-c,包含r63c/s10n的雙位點突變體ghph-c1、包含r63c/f172w的雙位點突變體ghph-c2、包含r63c/l207e的雙位點突變體ghph-c3、包含r63c/q287s的雙位點突變體ghph-c4;包含r63c/a138l/v297m的三位點突變體ghph-c5、包含r63c/f172w/g311k的三位點突變體ghph-c6;以及包含r63c/m29f/a138l/w243p/l307p的五位點突變體ghph-c7。本發明根據所取代的位置和氨基酸,與原始植酸酶ghph-1相比,改造后的突變體ghph-c以及ghph-c1、ghph-c2、ghph-c3、ghph-c4、ghph-c5、ghph-c6、ghph-c7在80℃處理3分鐘時的熱穩定性是原來的1.9~3.3倍;同時得到的植酸酶突變體ghph-c6適應的ph范圍更廣泛,在ph3~4的酸性環境中其相對酶活較未突變的ghph-1約提高了35%~60%,而ghph-c2和ghph-c6抵抗蛋白酶的降解能力有所提高,約為未突變的2倍。通過本發明技術方案得到的植酸酶可以有利于植酸酶在飼料中的廣泛應用。附圖說明圖1表明本發明所述植酸酶突變體的熱穩定性;圖2是本發明所述植酸酶突變體ghph-c6溫度曲線;圖3表明本發明所述植酸酶突變體對胃蛋白酶的耐受性。具體實施方式為了便于理解本發明,以下將結合較佳的實施例對本文發明做更全面、細致地描述,但本發明的保護范圍并不限于以下具體實施例。以下實施例中未作具體說明的分子生物學實驗方法,可以參照《分子克隆實驗指南》(第三版)j.薩姆布魯克一書中所列的具體方法進行,或者按照試劑盒和產品說明書進行。具體實施例中使用的試劑和生物材料如無特殊說明均可從商業途徑獲得。1.菌株和載體畢赤酵母gs115,質粒ppic9k,大腸桿菌dh5α,大腸桿菌origamib,大腸桿菌bl21,質粒pet21a(+)購自invitrogen公司。2.試劑與培養基質粒提取試劑盒,片段純化回收試劑盒,限制性內切酶等購自寶生物工程(大連)有限公司;genemorphii隨機突變pcr試劑盒購自stratagene公司;氨芐青霉素,iptg等購自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司。lb培養基:1%胰蛋白胨,0.5%酵母提取物,1%nacl;md培養基:1.34%ynb,0.4mg/l生物素,2%葡萄糖;ypd培養基:1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖;bmgy培養基:1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,100mmol/l磷酸鉀緩沖液(ph6.0),1.34%ynb,0.4mg/l生物素,1%甘油;bmmy培養基:1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,100mmol/l磷酸鉀緩沖液(ph6.0),1.34%ynb,0.4mg/l生物素,1%甲醇;bsm培養基:26.7ml85%的磷酸,0.93g二水硫酸鈣,14.9g二水硫酸鎂,4.13g氫氧化鉀,18.2g硫酸鉀,40g甘油,4.0mllpmt1。以上培養基為固體時加入2%的瓊脂粉。3.實驗方法菌株培養條件:大腸桿菌37℃培養,酵母30℃培養。液體培養時搖床轉速為200rpm。畢赤酵母gs115轉化方法:將活化的畢赤酵母gs115接種到含有20mlypd液體培養基中,30℃搖瓶培養至od600為1.2~1.5后低溫離心收集菌體,依次用20ml冰冷無菌水和5ml濃度為1mol/l的冰冷山梨醇溶液清洗菌體,最后用1ml山梨醇溶液重懸菌體制得酵母感受態懸液。將100μl酵母感受態與10μl線性化載體混勻后轉移到預冷的電轉杯中電擊轉化,電轉化的條件為1.5kv,6msec。電擊后加入1ml山梨醇溶液,轉移至1.5ml離心管中30℃溫育1h。5000rpm離心5min,收集菌體涂布于md篩選平板上倒置培養,直至長出陽性單克隆。植酸酶活性檢測根據中華人民共和國國家標準《gb/t18634一2009》進行;植酸酶活性定義是指樣品在溫度37℃、ph值5.5的條件下,每分鐘從5.0mmol/l植酸鈉中釋放1μmol無機磷,即為一個植酸酶活性單位,以u表示。實施例1:植酸酶基因的合成參考ghph-1的氨基酸序列(氨基酸序列如seqidno:2所示),人工合成該基因(核苷酸序列如seqidno:1所示),根據基因5’端設計ecorⅰ的引物,根據3’端設計notⅰ的引物引物序列如下:f-ghph-ecorⅰ:5’-agaattccaatccgaaccagaattaaa-3’(seqidno:11);r-ghph-notⅰ:5’-agcggccgctcaaagagaacaggcaggaat-3’(seqidno:12)。以合成基因ghph-1為模板,用上述引物進行pcr擴增,將擴增得到的片段切膠回收,用ecorⅰ和notⅰ雙酶切,連接到pet-21a(+)載體上,轉化大腸桿菌dh5α,氨芐青霉素抗性lb平板篩選陽性克隆,測序驗證得到pet-ghph。實施例2:植酸酶定點突變體篩選確定大腸桿菌植酸酶ghph-1的第63位的arg為待突變位點,針對性的設計飽和突變引物。ghph-63f:5’-gggacattactggnnncaacgtcttgttgct-3’(seqidno:13);ghph-63r:5’-caacaagacgttgnnnccagtaatgtcccaa-3’(seqidno:14)。其中n代表a、t、c、g四種堿基。以重組載體pet-ghph為模板,加入突變位點的引物,用高保真酶進行pcr擴增,產物經dpnⅰ酶切處理后電擊轉化origamib大腸桿菌感受態細胞,在含amp的lb平板上篩選陽性克隆。將單克隆接種到96孔深孔板。每個平板接入2個原始克隆為對照。每孔裝入300ullb液體培養基(含有100μg/ml氨芐青霉素),37℃200rpm震蕩培養4小時后,轉移50ul菌液到新的96孔平板保種,在平板剩余菌液中添加200ul含有iptg的lb-amp培養基,使iptg終濃度為1mm,氨芐青霉素終濃度為100μg/ml,37℃200rpm搖床培養10h誘導表達植酸酶。將誘導完成的菌液在80℃水浴3min破碎后,檢測植酸酶的剩余活性。將剩余酶活高于對照的突變體基因進行測序。最終篩選到以ghph-1為出發模板的耐熱性提高的突變體r63c(第63位氨基酸由arg突變為cys),命名為ghph-c(氨基酸序列如seqidno:3所示)。實施例3:植酸酶隨機突變體篩選用genemorphii隨機突變pcr試劑盒(stratagene)將上述篩選到的ghph-c進行隨機突變,同時用高保真酶擴增ghph-1的基因序列構建對照,使用的引物序列如下:f-ghph-ecorⅰ:5’-agaattccaatccgaaccagaattaaa-3’;r-ghph-notⅰ:5’-agcggccgctcaaagagaacaggcaggaat-3’。將切膠回收后的上述pcr產物和pet21a(+)載體用限制性內切酶ecorⅰ和notⅰ進行雙酶切,純化后的片段和pet21a(+)連接構建表達載體pet-phym,轉化至大腸桿菌bl21中,在含有100μg/ml氨芐青霉素的lb平板篩選陽性轉化子。得到ghph-1及隨機突變體的大腸桿菌表達菌株。將單克隆接種到96孔深孔板。每個平板接入2個原始克隆為對照。每孔裝入300ullb液體培養基(含有100μg/ml氨芐青霉素),37℃200rpm震蕩培養4h后,轉移50ul菌液到新的96孔平板保種,在平板剩余菌液中添加200ul含有iptg的lb-amp培養基,使iptg終濃度為1mm,氨芐青霉素終濃度為100μg/ml,37℃200rpm搖床培養10h誘導表達植酸酶。將誘導完成的菌液在80℃水浴3min破碎后,檢測植酸酶的剩余活性。將剩余酶活高于對照的突變體基因進行測序。結果獲得以下突變體:ghph-c第10位的突變體r63c/s10n(命名為ghph-c1),氨基酸序列如seqidno:4所示。ghph-c第172位的突變體r63c/f172w(命名為ghph-c2),氨基酸序列如seqidno:5所示。ghph-c第207位的突變體r63c/l207e(命名為ghph-c3),氨基酸序列如seqidno:6所示。ghph-c第287位的突變體r63c/q287s(命名為ghph-c4),氨基酸序列如seqidno:7所示。ghph-c第138位和第297位同時突變的突變體r63c/a138l/v297m(命名為ghph-c5),氨基酸序列如seqidno:8所示。ghph-c第172位和第311位同時突變的突變體r63c/f172w/g311k(命名為ghph-c6),氨基酸序列如seqidno:9所示。ghph-c第29位,第138位,第243位,第307位同時突變的突變體r63c/m29f/a138l/w243p/l307p(命名為ghph-c7),熱穩定性較隨機突變前有明顯提高,氨基酸序列如seqidno:10所示。實施例4:耐熱型植酸酶在畢赤酵母中的表達驗證人工合成上述篩選到的植酸酶突變體基因,并構建到ppic9k質粒上,得到各突變體在畢赤酵母中的表達載體ppic-phym;將各突變體的表達載體用salⅰ酶切線性化后電轉入畢赤酵母gs115中,md平板篩選得到各突變體表達菌株的轉化子并轉接到ypd平板中活化。挑取活化后的轉化子接于bmgy培養基中,30℃振蕩培養18h后,離心獲得菌體。將適量菌體轉入bmmy培養基中,使菌體濃度達到od600=1,繼續振蕩培養,每24h添加培養體積1%的甲醇。誘導表達96h后,將培養液離心獲得上清,測定發酵液上清中植酸酶活力和熱穩定性,結果顯示突變后得到的植酸酶ghph-c、ghph-c1、ghph-c2、ghph-c3、ghph-c4、ghph-c5、ghph-c6、ghph-c7在80℃處理3min后耐熱性較ghph-1分別提高了0.95倍、1.53倍、2.01倍、1.98倍、1.87倍、1.61倍、2.26倍和2.10倍。以上結果表明將ghph-c第10位的ser突變為asn得到的突變體;或將其第172位的phe突變為trp得到的突變體;或將其第207位的leu突變為glu得到的突變體;或將其第287位的gln突變為ser得到的突變體;或將其第138位的ala突變為leu,同時第297位的val突變為met得到的突變體;或將其第172位的phe突變為trp,同時第311位的gly突變為lys得到的突變體;或將其第29位的met突變為phe,同時第138位的ala突變為leu,第243位的trp突變為pro,第307位的leu突變為pro得到的突變體,其耐熱性有進一步提高。實施例5:植酸酶突變體在10l發酵罐中制備將保種于甘油管中的畢赤酵母劃線于ypd平板上,30℃倒置培養3天長出單菌落,挑取長勢良好的單菌落繼續在ypd平板上劃線培養,如此活化三代得到的畢赤酵母單菌落接種于20mlbmgy培養基中,30℃、200rpm培養24h。以2%的接種量接種到300mlbmgy培養基中,30℃、200rpm培養至od600為5,用作種子液接種發酵罐。發酵生產工藝:bsm培養基,ph4.8、溫度30℃、攪拌速率500rpm、通風量1.5(v/v),溶氧控制在20%以上發酵過程分為三個階段:(1)菌體培養階段:按8%比例接入種子液,30℃培養20~24h,使發酵液中甘油耗盡;(2)饑餓階段:當碳源甘油耗盡后,暫不補加任何碳源,待溶氧上升至80%饑餓階段結束;(3)誘導表達階段:用氨水或磷酸調節ph至所需值,流加甲醇誘導,并且保持溶氧在20%以上,誘導時間為160~200h;待發酵結束后,發酵液通過板框過濾機處理得到粗酶液,用于酶學性質和應用測試。實施例6:植酸酶突變體的其它酶學性質分析按照常規方法對實施例5中得到粗酶液的ph曲線及胃蛋白酶耐受性進行測定。對各突變體的ph曲線測定(ph3.0~8.0),ghph-c、ghph-c1、ghph-c2、ghph-c3、ghph-c4、ghph-c5和ghph-c7與未突變的植酸酶ghph-1比較,其反應ph曲線基本無差異,最適ph均為5.0;ghph-c6的最適ph仍為5.0,但是在ph3~4條件下,其相對酶活明顯高于ghph-1(圖2),說明改造后的ghph-c6適應的ph范圍更廣泛,尤其是在酸性環境中,能更好的發揮作用。用胃蛋白酶對植酸酶突變體進行處理(蛋白酶:植酸酶=1:200,ph3.0,37℃處理1h),結果如圖3所示。與ghph-1相比,ghph-c、ghph-c1、ghph-c2、ghph-c3、ghph-c4、ghph-c5、ghph-c6、ghph-c7對抵抗胃蛋白酶降解的能力基本無差異,但ghph-c2和ghph-c6抗胃蛋白的能力有所提高,剩余的相對酶活力由39.86%分別提高到68.55%和72.36%。實施例7:植酸酶突變體在水產養殖中的應用試驗產品:20000u/ml的液體植酸酶ghph-c6。將液體植酸酶按照每千克飼料2000u植酸酶的比例噴涂到沉水魚糧中,對水產養殖場中進行試驗;其中對照1是普通沉水魚糧喂養草魚(添加10kg/t磷酸二氫鈣),對照2為沉水魚糧(添加2kg/t磷酸二氫鈣)喂養草魚;試驗組為沉水魚糧(添加2kg/t磷酸二氫鈣,同時添加2000u/kg的本實施例中制備的植酸酶ghph-c6),試驗結果如表1所示。表1植酸酶突變體ghph-c6在草魚養殖中使用效果對照1對照2試驗組增重率(%)298.34±12.43236.54±8.92310.67±10.63肥滿度1.961±0.0922.040±0.0731.981±0.065飼料系數1.753±0.0682.116±0.0531.672±0.091實施例8:植酸酶突變體在畜禽類養殖中的應用試驗材料:5000u/g植酸酶成品ghph-c6選取體重相近和產蛋性能相似的30周齡產蛋高峰期羅曼蛋雞1200只,隨機分為4個處理,每處理組5重復,每一重復60只雞。試驗共進行10周,在正式試驗進行前預試一周,試驗期間每天添料2次(7:00/14:00),每天光照時長16h,前5周溫度為10°c,后5周溫度為15°c,每天下午16:00撿蛋并稱重。對照組基礎日糧(i組)參照中華人民共和國農業行業標準中褐殼蛋雞(產蛋率>85%)營養需要推薦值配制(有效磷0.36%),處理ii組在基礎日糧中降低有效磷至0.22%,處理iii組及處理iv組分別在處理ii組基礎上添加100g和300g植酸酶。每周以重復為單位觀察記錄雞的產蛋枚數、破蛋數、蛋重、死亡情況等,計算日平均產蛋率、平均蛋重、破蛋率和死亡率,結果如表2。表2植酸酶突變體ghph-c6蛋雞養殖中的使用效果處理產蛋率(%)平均蛋重(g)料蛋比破蛋率(%)死亡率(%)i96.6±0.6260.4±0.222.24±0.051.6±0.192.27±0.12ii95.7±0.4860.0±0.272.26±0.042.4±0.173.05±0.27iii96.5±0.4960.4±0.192.25±0.042.0±0.133.01±0.19iv96.8±0.5660.9±0.112.25±0.061.7±0.142.19±0.13注:同列上標小寫字母不同者表示差異顯著(p<0.05)與未添加植酸酶的ii組相比,添加植酸酶的iii和iv組,其產蛋率、平均蛋重、和平均增重都有所提高,而料蛋比、破蛋率和死亡率有所降低,這說明本發明的植酸酶突變體有利于ghph-c6蛋雞的生長和產蛋,且在實驗范圍內增加植酸酶ghph-c6的添加量使蛋雞的生長和產蛋狀況有進一步改善。改良后植酸酶突變體的熱穩定性有顯著提高,同時能改善草魚的增重狀況以及蛋雞的生長產蛋狀況,由此推測在飼料行業中會有很好的應用前景。以上實施例僅用以說明本發明的技術方案,而非對其進行限制;盡管參照前述實施例對本發明進行了詳細的說明,對于本領域的普通技術人員來說,依然可以對前述實施例所記載的技術方案進行修改,或者對其中部分技術特征進行等同替換;而這些修改或替換,并不使相應技術方案的本質脫離本發明所要求保護的技術方案的精神和范圍。sequencelisting<110>青島紅櫻桃生物技術有限公司<120>一類耐熱型植酸酶突變體及其編碼基因和應用<130><160>14<170>patentinversion3.3<210>1<211>1233<212>dna<213>人工序列<400>1caatccgaaccagaattaaagcttgaatccgttgttattgtttctagacatggtgttcgt60gcccctactaagtttacccaacttatgcaagatgttactccagatgcctggccaacctgg120ccagttaagttaggagaattgacccctagaggtggtgaattgattgcctacttgggacat180tactggcgtcaacgtcttgttgctgatgaacttttgcctaagtgtggatgtcctcaatca240ggacaagttgctattattgccgatgttgatgaacgtacccgtaagactggagaagccttt300gctgccggtttagcccctgattgtgctattaccgttcatcatcaagccgatacctcatca360cctgatccactcttcaacccattaaagaccggagtttgtcaattagatgttgccaacgtt420actagagccattttggaaagagccggaggatctattgctgattttactggtcattaccaa480accgcctttcgtgaattggaaagagttcttaactttccacaatctaacttgtgtcttaag540cgtgaaaagcaagatgaatcatgttccttgactcaagctcttccatccgaacttaaggtt600tccgccgataacgtttccttgactggtgctgtttcattagcctctatgcttaccgaaatt660tttcttttacaacaagctcaaggtatgccagaaccaggatggggtcgtattaccgattca720catcagtggaacactcttttgtcacttcataacgcccaatttgatcttcttcaacgtacc780cctgaagttgctcgatctcgtgctactccacttctggatcttattaagaccgctttgact840cctcatccaccacaaaagcaagcctacggtgttactcttcctacctccgttttattcatt900gccggacatgatactaacttagctaacttgggaggagctttggaattaaactggaccctt960ccaggtcaaccagataacactccaccaggtggagaattggtttttgaaagatggcgtcgt1020ctttcagataactcacagtggattcaagtttcattggtttttcaaaccttgcaacaaatg1080cgtgataagactccattgtccttaaacaccccaccaggagaagttaagttgaccttggcc1140ggttgtgaagaacgtaacgcccaaggtatgtgttccttagccgggtttacccaaattgtt1200aacgaagctcgtattcctgcctgttctctttga1233<210>2<211>410<212>prt<213>人工序列<400>2glnsergluprogluleulysleugluservalvalilevalserarg151015hisglyvalargalaprothrlysphethrglnleumetglnaspval202530thrproaspalatrpprothrtrpprovallysleuglygluleuthr354045p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