本發明屬于藥物化學技術領域,公開了具有抗耐藥菌活性的季銨查爾酮衍生物、它們的制備方法及其作為一類新型的抗耐藥菌藥物的應用。
背景技術:
20世紀30年代世界上首個抗生素-青霉素問世,給無數病人和外科醫生帶來福音。隨著科技的發展,加之人們對抗生素認知上的錯誤,加速了抗生素濫用,導致細菌獲得性耐藥問題日益嚴重,耐藥菌的比例逐年上升。據2016上半年度衛生部全國細菌耐藥監測結果顯示,全國30所醫院細菌耐藥性試驗顯示mrsa對75%的常見抗菌藥物具有耐藥性,對青霉素和苯唑西林的耐藥性達到100%。繼青霉素之后科研人員又相繼發現合成多種抗生素,包括青霉素類、頭孢菌素類、β-內酰胺酶抑制劑、氨基糖苷類等,但均表現出不同程度的耐藥性。而萬古霉素作為對抗革蘭陽性菌的“最后一道防線”,也出現了耐藥傾向(science,2008,321,356-361.)。因此研發一種新型具有抗耐藥性藥物成為目前的迫切需要。
1981年瑞典科學家boman首次發現,通過用蠟狀芽孢桿菌誘導天蠶后產生了一種具有抗菌活性的多肽類物質-天蠶素(nature,198l,292:246-248.)。隨后又發現多種抗菌肽如magainins(febsletters,1989,259,103-106.)等。科學家通過分析多種天然抗菌肽,發現抗菌肽通常由12-50個氨基酸殘基組成,相對分子質量小,帶有疏水基團,通過疏水基團破壞細菌膜完整性,從而達到殺死細菌的目的。由于其帶正電荷,能夠與細菌膜表面的陰離子結合增強與細菌膜的結合能力,然而由于天然抗菌肽生產成本高,不容易批量生產,體內易被降解,部分抗菌肽毒性大,選擇性弱。因此,有不少研究人員期望根據天然抗菌肽的兩親性結構特征,合成抗菌肽模擬物來克服上述缺點。
天然產物及其衍生物一直為藥物的研究和開發提供了巨大的資源庫。查爾酮由于含有天然α,β-不飽和羰基結構,具有較大的柔性,能與不同的受體結合,因此具有廣泛的生物活性,如:抗腫瘤、抑制和清除氧自由基、抗菌、抗病毒、抗潰瘍和解痙等生物活性。據文獻報道,查耳酮結構里的α,β-不飽和羰基能夠與細菌內的親核基團,如蛋白質中的巰基進行共軛加成而致使細菌死亡(eur.j.med.chem,2010,45,5739.)。同時,由于查爾酮結構單元具有較好的柔性,作為底物,查爾酮就可與多種活性基團相結合,研究人員開始關注查爾酮的結構改造,他們試圖通過結構修飾來開發具有優異抗菌活性的查爾酮類衍生物(j.med.chem,2005,48,2667.)。因此,我們期待通過查爾酮結合抗菌肽兩親性結構特征合成一系列新型具有抗耐藥菌活性的化合物,并通過體外活性實驗來驗證其抗菌活性。
技術實現要素:
基于上述,本發明目的之一是提供一類新型的具有抗耐藥菌活性的季銨查爾酮衍生物;目的之二是提供該類化合物的制備方法;目的之三是提供該類化合物在制備抗耐藥菌活性藥物方面的應用。
為實現本發明,合成季銨查爾酮衍生物路線如下:
所述具有抗菌活性的季銨查爾酮衍生物結構通式如下:
本發明中采用改變烷烴鏈長度以及不同取代的芳香環對查爾酮衍生物進行修飾,通過改變兩個活性位置,分析不同活性位置對活性影響大小。
1)ar采用三種芳香環,吡啶環或鹵素取代的吡啶環(f1-f6),苯環或鹵素、甲氧基、乙氧基、硝基、三氟甲基、正丁基取代的苯環或萘環(f7-f25),含氧或硫的五元雜環(f26-f28)。
2)對部分化合物的烷烴鏈長短進行改變,n=3,7,11,13,17。
優選:n=3,7,ar選吡啶環或氟、溴單取代的吡啶環;苯環或氟、氯、甲氧基、乙氧基、硝基、三氟甲基、正丁基單取代或雙取代的苯環或萘環;含氧或硫的五元不飽和雜環。
具體合成目標化合物如下:
具體通過如下步驟實現:
1、化合物a與化合物b1-b22發生經典的claisen-schmidt反應,反應條件是在氫氧化鈉的作用下,以乙醇/水為溶劑,常溫下進行反應得到化合物c1-c22。
2、化合物c1-c22與氯乙酰氯在弱堿k2co3和無水丙酮條件下,常溫下進行反應得到一系列目標化合物d1-d22。
3、化合物d1-d22與n,n-二甲基烷烴胺在乙腈中,85℃高溫高壓反應釜中進行反應,得到一系列目標化合物f1-f28。
本發明所述新型的季銨查爾酮衍生物對革蘭氏陽性菌、革蘭氏陰性菌均表現出很好的活性,尤其對革蘭氏陽性菌金黃色葡萄球菌。其中化合物f14,f18,f27的mic(0.5μg/ml)表現出很好的活性,同時部分化合物對多株耐藥菌mrsa、vre、ndm、kpc也能表現出良好的抑菌效果,甚至優于陽性對照藥萬古霉素,并且多個化合物與陽性對照藥美羅培南幾乎有相當的抗菌活性。該類化合物對革蘭氏陽性菌活性明顯優于革蘭氏陰性菌,說明化合物具有一定選擇性;化合物f1-f6活性相對較弱,本發明中含吡啶環衍生物抗菌效果較其他兩種芳香環活性較差;對苯環化合物f7-f25抗菌活性和hc50數據分析,可以發現氟原子取代位置對活性存在影響,同時氟原子數量增加會導致紅細胞溶血性增加;紅細胞溶血實驗結果證明季銨查爾酮衍生物紅細胞毒性較小。因此,本發明提供的此類新型查爾酮衍生物有望作為新的抗菌候選藥物進行深入的研究,并對解決目前全球面臨耐藥菌日益嚴重的問題有重要意義。
具體實施方式
下面結合具體實施例,進一步闡述本發明。這些實施例僅用于說明本發明而不用于限制本發明要求保護的范圍。
合成化合物表征使用的儀器:nmr譜使用瑞典brukerdpx-400型超導核磁共振儀測定,tms為內標;高分辨質譜使用waters-micromass公司q-tof質譜儀測定。
實施例1化合物f1-f28的制備
(1)化合物c1-c22的制備
取氫氧化鈉(110.97mg,2.77mmol)于單口圓底燒瓶(200ml)中,加入水(25ml)室溫磁力攪拌下溶解;然后將化合物a對氨基苯乙酮(300.00mg,2.22mmol)和化合物b1-b22(2.26mmol)加入錐形瓶(100ml)內,并加入無水乙醇(25ml)超聲至該體系澄清,然后將該澄清溶液恒壓滴加(1滴/秒)到上述攪拌的氫氧化鈉溶液的單口瓶內,滴加完畢后室溫下繼續反應,此時體系棕黃色澄清。約6h后,tlc(pe:ea=1:1)檢測顯示反應完全。停止反應,將反應體系倒入冰水(50ml)中,立即析出大量黃色固體,抽濾,濾餅水洗至中性,真空干燥,得到化合物c1-c22。采用石油醚,乙酸乙酯體系,硅膠柱層析對化合物進行純化。
(2)化合物d1-d22的制備
取上述化合物c1-c22(754.36mmol)和碳酸鉀(125.11mg,905.23mmol)于單口圓底燒瓶(5ml)中,然后加入丙酮(1.35ml),塞上翻口橡膠塞室溫下攪拌;然后用1ml注射器通過橡膠塞向反應體系注入化合物氯乙酰氯(68.16μl,905.23mmol),體系立即發生渾濁。約0.5h后,tlc(pe:ea=1:1)檢測,顯示反應完全,冰水(3ml)淬滅反應,攪拌10min后,將體系抽濾,濾餅冰水洗至中性,真空干燥得到化合物d1-d22。
(3)化合物f1-f28的制備
取上述化合物d1-d22(528.73mmol)于高溫高壓反應釜(10ml)中,然后加入無水乙腈(3ml)將化合物d1-d22溶解,移液槍取n,n-二甲基烷烴胺(1.59mmol)后加入磁子,擰緊高溫高壓反應釜蓋,放入油浴鍋中,85℃條件下磁力攪拌24h;tlc(pe:ea=1:1)檢測,顯示反應完全,將反應體系轉移到10ml圓底燒瓶中,減壓旋蒸體系中溶液至原體積1/10左右,停止旋蒸,取下圓底燒瓶,加入過量乙醚,靜置一會待有固體析出,將體系抽濾,濾餅乙醚洗滌2-3次,真空干燥得到化合物f1-f28。
f1:產物為褐色固體,產率為50%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.97(s,1h),8.68(d,j=6.0hz,2h),8.23(d,j=8.8hz,2h),8.18(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.92(d,j=8.8hz,2h),7.85(d,j=6.0hz,2h),7.68(d,j=15.7hz,1h),4.55(s,2h),3.62–3.48(m,2h),3.30(s,6h),1.84–1.70(m,2h),1.40–1.26(m,2h),0.94(t,j=7.4hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.56,162.75,150.31,142.66,141.83,140.64,132.71,130.09,126.28,122.48,119.16,64.82,62.39,51.21,23.87,19.13,13.42.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc22h28cln3o2[m-cl]+:366.2176,found:366.2180.
f2:產物為棕色固體,產率為90%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.42(s,1h),8.68(d,j=4.6hz,2h),8.23(d,j=8.7hz,2h),8.16(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.85(d,j=8.3hz,4h),7.68(d,j=15.6hz,1h),4.42(s,2h),3.57–3.49(m,2h),3.27(s,6h),1.75(s,2h),1.32–1.23(m,10h),0.85(t,j=6.7hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.50,162.77,150.31,142.72,141.81,140.64,132.66,130.08,126.22,122.49,119.11,64.88,62.32,51.23,31.11,28.37,25.67,21.92,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc26h36cln3o2[m-cl]+:422.2802,found:422.2809.
f3:產物為棕色固體,產率為52%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.77(d,j=16.4hz,1h),9.04(s,1h),8.69–8.56(m,1h),8.37(d,j=8.0hz,1h),8.23(d,j=8.7hz,2h),8.10(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.89(d,j=8.5hz,2h),7.77(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.51(dd,j=7.8,4.8hz,1h),4.50(s,2h),3.63–3.45(m,2h),3.28(s,6h),1.77(s,2h),1.45–1.16(m,10h),0.84(d,j=7.0hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.36,162.73,150.93,150.32,142.52,140.15,135.09,132.90,130.54,129.97,123.88,123.74,119.09,64.89,62.31,51.23,31.11,28.37,25.66,21.92,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc26h36cln3o2[m-cl]+:422.2802,found:422.2805.
f4:產物為棕色固體,產率為86%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.11(s,1h),8.69(d,j=2.8hz,1h),8.35–8.02(m,3h),7.92(d,j=11.9hz,4h),7.71(d,j=15.4hz,1h),7.43(s,1h),4.59(s,2h),3.54(s,2h),3.30(s,6h),1.77(s,2h),1.23(d,j=22.9hz,10h),0.81(s,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ188.33,163.25,153.29,150.48,143.19,143.07,137.66,133.39,130.33,125.45,125.41,125.26,119.70,65.36,62.81,51.73,31.61,28.87(d,j=2.2hz),26.18,22.49,22.35,14.39.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc26h36cln3o2[m-cl]+:422.2802,found:422.2806.
f5:產物為黃色固體,產率為81%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.76(s,1h),8.14(d,j=8.8hz,2h),8.08(d,j=15.4hz,1h),7.97(d,j=7.4hz,1h),7.91–7.88(m,2h),7.86(d,j=7.7hz,1h),7.70(d,j=7.8hz,1h),7.64(d,j=15.4hz,1h),4.49(s,2h),3.53(dd,j=10.2,6.6hz,2h),3.28(s,6h),1.76(s,2h),1.31–1.21(m,10h),0.84(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.65,162.76,154.23,142.63,141.64,140.74,140.45,132.71,129.96,128.98,126.25,124.35,119.23,64.90,62.28,51.24,31.12,28.37,25.66,22.00,21.83,13.91.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc26h35brcln3o2[m-cl]+:500.1907,found:500.1914.
f6:產物為棕色固體,產率為85%。
1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ11.86(s,1h),8.49(d,j=3.8hz,1h),8.16(d,j=15.3hz,1h),8.02(dd,j=20.4,11.9hz,3h),7.93(d,j=8.3hz,2h),7.46(t,j=9.0hz,1h),7.37–7.28(m,1h),4.93(s,2h),3.75–3.63(m,2h),3.48(s,6h),1.81(s,2h),1.27(d,j=42.5hz,10h),0.84(t,j=6.2hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,cdcl3)δ188.61,162.01,158.48(d,j=264.4hz),145.72(d,j=5.1hz),142.15,141.83(d,j=11.0hz),134.44,133.81,129.92,126.55(d,j=4.0hz),125.87(d,j=4.1hz),123.84(d,j=19.4hz),119.76,65.90,63.58,52.12,31.52,28.95,26.15,22.87,22.49,14.00.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc26h35clfn3o2[m-cl]+:440.2708,found:440.2715.
f7:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為78%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.21(s,1h),8.24(d,j=8.0hz,2h),8.04–7.88(m,5h),7.77(d,j=15.5hz,1h),7.48(s,3h),4.64(s,2h),3.58(s,2h),3.34(s,6h),1.79(s,2h),1.25(d,j=22.6hz,10h),0.83(d,j=6.1hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.61,162.71,143.60,142.37,134.70,133.16,130.54,129.84,128.88,121.89,119.09,64.88,62.32,51.24,31.12,28.37,25.67,22.00,21.83,13.91.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h37cln2o2[m-cl]+:421.2850,found:421.2856.
f8:產物為棕色固體,產率為56%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.13(s,1h),8.59(d,j=15.3hz,1h),8.28(dd,j=12.4,6.3hz,4h),8.06(dd,j=21.3,6.5hz,3h),7.97(d,j=8.5hz,2h),7.70–7.59(m,3h),4.61(s,2h),3.61–3.51(m,2h),3.32(s,6h),1.79(s,2h),1.25(dd,j=14.9,8.4hz,10h),0.84(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.54,162.73,142.46,139.47,133.34,133.12,131.32,131.17,130.77,129.92,128.78,127.20,126.27,125.66,124.38,122.93,119.14,64.87,62.34,51.23,31.11,28.37,25.67,22.00,21.85,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc31h39cln2o2[m-cl]+:471.3006,found:471.3013.
f9:產物為白色固體,產率為93%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.87(s,1h),8.19(s,2h),7.90(d,j=18.9hz,5h),7.71(d,j=14.1hz,1h),7.52(s,2h),4.50(s,2h),3.51(s,2h),3.26(s,6h),1.74(s,2h),1.25(s,10h),0.82(s,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.51,162.69,142.37,142.12,135.00,133.69,133.10,130.52,129.89,128.92,122.65,119.12,64.93,62.33,51.26,31.11,28.35,25.66,21.98,21.83,13.89.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h36cl2n2o2[m-cl]+:455.2460,found:455.2464.
f10:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為67%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.99(s,1h),8.24(d,j=8.6hz,2h),8.11–8.02(m,2h),7.92(d,j=8.6hz,2h),7.84(d,j=6.1hz,1h),7.72(d,j=15.6hz,1h),7.53–7.46(m,2h),4.56(s,2h),3.60–3.50(m,2h),3.30(s,6h),1.78(s,2h),1.31–1.19(m,10h),0.84(t,j=6.6hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.94,163.23,143.00,142.37,137.47,134.27,133.46,131.16,130.56,130.48,128.38,123.89,119.56,65.38,62.80,51.73,31.62,28.87,26.17,22.50,22.33,14.41.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h36cl2n2o2[m-cl]+:455.2460,found:455.2463.
f11:產物為白色固體,產率為83%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.04(s,1h),8.22(d,j=8.5hz,2h),8.05–7.88(m,5h),7.75(d,j=15.6hz,1h),7.32(t,j=8.6hz,2h),4.57(s,2h),3.65–3.48(m,2h),3.31(s,6h),1.78(s,2h),1.36–1.16(m,10h),0.84(t,j=6.4hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.50,163.13(d,j=250.07hz),162.70,142.36,133.13,131.39(d,j=3.0hz),131.19(d,j=8.6hz),129.84,121.78,119.07,115.89(d,j=21.7hz),64.88,62.31,51.23,31.11,28.36,25.66,22.00,21.83,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h36clfn2o2[m-cl]+:439.2755,found:439.2762.
f12:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為58%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.09(s,1h),8.24(d,j=8.7hz,2h),8.05(d,j=15.6hz,1h),7.91(dd,j=23.1,9.5hz,3h),7.80–7.65(m,2h),7.52(dd,j=14.2,7.9hz,1h),7.30(td,j=8.6,2.3hz,1h),4.59(s,2h),3.56(dd,j=10.2,6.5hz,2h),3.31(s,6h),1.79(s,2h),1.32–1.18(m,10h),0.84(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.49,162.73,162.56(d,j=244.62),142.51,142.09(d,j=2.7hz),137.29(d,j=8.1hz),132.97,130.80(d,j=8.4hz),129.94,125.53(d,j=2.4hz),123.33,119.07,117.16(d,j=21.4hz),114.62(d,j=22.0hz),64.87,62.32,51.23,31.11,28.36,25.67,22.00,21.84,13.89.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h36clfn2o2[m-cl]+:439.2755,found:439.2763.
f13:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為76%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.06(s,1h),8.32–8.09(m,3h),8.02(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.93(d,j=8.5hz,2h),7.84(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.54(dd,j=13.2,6.7hz,1h),7.34(dd,j=13.0,6.2hz,2h),4.58(s,2h),3.66–3.50(m,2h),3.31(s,6h),1.77(d,j=7.4hz,2h),1.33(dd,j=14.4,7.2hz,2h),0.94(t,j=7.3hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.44,162.73,160.87(d,j=251.3hz),142.53,134.71(d,j=4.2hz),132.89,132.59(d,j=8.6hz),129.92,129.09,124.93(d,j=3.4hz),124.01(d,j=4.0hz),122.32(d,j=11.2hz),119.14,116.05(d,j=21.6hz),64.77,62.35,51.18,23.87,19.13,13.43.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc23h28clfn2o2[m-cl]+:383.2129,found:383.2135.
f14:產物為黃色固體,產率為84%。
1hnmr(400mhz,cdcl3)δ12.03(s,1h),7.97(dd,j=19.1,8.6hz,4h),7.89(d,j=15.9hz,1h),7.66(d,j=7.4hz,1h),7.62(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.44–7.32(m,1h),7.20(t,j=7.5hz,1h),7.16–7.05(m,1h),4.95(s,2h),3.75–3.57(m,2h),3.44(d,j=9.6hz,6h),1.83(s,2h),1.30(d,j=43.4hz,10h),0.86(t,j=6.4hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,cdcl3)δ188.99,161.71,141.79,137.19,134.27,131.77(d,j=8.8hz),129.74,124.48,124.39,123.08(d,j=11.2hz),119.84,116.27(d,j=21.9hz),66.50,63.90,52.10,31.54,28.96,26.17,22.91,22.52,14.01.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h36clfn2o2[m-cl]+:439.2755,found:439.2764.
f15:產物為黃色固體,產率為77%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.05(d,j=21.5hz,1h),8.20(d,j=8.6hz,2h),8.15(t,j=7.7hz,1h),8.01(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.93(d,j=8.0hz,2h),7.84(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.53(dd,j=13.5,6.9hz,1h),7.34(dd,j=13.0,5.5hz,2h),4.57(s,2h),3.66–3.48(m,2h),3.30(s,6h),1.78(s,2h),1.30–1.17(m,18h),0.83(t,j=6.4hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.29,162.73,160.87(d,j=251.4hz),142.58,134.63(d,j=4.1hz),132.86,132.46(d,j=8.7hz),129.81,129.06,124.83(d,j=3.1hz),123.86(d,j=3.9hz),122.32(d,j=11.2hz),119.09,115.95(d,j=21.7hz),64.72,62.33,51.29,31.27,29.03,28.94,28.76,28.72,28.39,25.68,22.05,21.86,13.83.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc31h44clfn2o2[m-cl]+:495.3381,found:495.3388.
f16:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為79%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.85(s,1h),8.19(d,j=8.8hz,2h),8.13(t,j=7.5hz,1h),8.00(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.89(d,j=8.7hz,2h),7.83(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.53(dd,j=13.1,6.4hz,1h),7.33(dd,j=13.2,5.7hz,2h),4.51(s,2h),3.53(dd,j=10.1,6.6hz,2h),3.28(s,6h),1.76(s,2h),1.29–1.16(m,22h),0.83(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.24,162.72,160.88(d,j=251.5hz),142.57,134.63(d,j=4.1hz),132.86,132.42(d,j=8.7hz),129.80,129.03,124.80(d,j=3.1hz),123.82(d,j=3.8hz),122.33(d,j=11.2hz),119.07,115.92(d,j=21.7hz),64.67,62.31,51.30,31.28,29.10,29.05,28.96,28.78,28.73,28.40,25.68,22.06,21.86,13.82.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc33h48clfn2o2[m-cl]+:523.3694,found:523.3697.
f17:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為78%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.81(s,1h),8.19(d,j=8.8hz,2h),8.13(t,j=7.5hz,1h),8.00(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.89(d,j=8.7hz,2h),7.84(d,j=15.8hz,1h),7.53(dd,j=13.1,6.5hz,1h),7.33(dd,j=13.2,5.5hz,2h),4.51(s,2h),3.53(dd,j=10.1,6.6hz,2h),3.29(s,6h),1.76(s,2h),1.35–1.12(m,32h),0.84(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ186.21,161.60,159.75(d,j=251.3hz),141.38,133.57(d,j=4.2hz),131.76,131.43(d,j=8.8hz),128.76,127.94,123.77(d,j=3.2hz),122.79(d,j=3.8hz),121.19(d,j=11.2hz),117.97,114.90(d,j=21.5hz),63.53,61.10,50.23,30.13,27.92,27.90,27.85,27.80,27.55,27.19,24.46,20.93,20.63,12.77.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc37h56clfn2o2[m-cl]+:579.4320,found:579.4323.
f18:產物為黃色固體,產率為58%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.10(s,1h),8.21(d,j=8.8hz,2h),8.05(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.98(d,j=7.6hz,1h),7.94(d,j=8.8hz,2h),7.80(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.54(dd,j=17.2,8.3hz,1h),7.33(dd,j=12.8,7.7hz,1h),4.59(s,2h),3.56(dd,j=10.2,6.5hz,2h),3.31(s,6h),1.79(s,2h),1.32–1.21(m,10h),0.84(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,cdcl3)δ192.52,168.00,156.43(d,j=12.7hz),155.05(d,j=13.4hz),153.99(d,j=12.6hz),152.54(d,j=13.2hz),147.92,138.64(t,j=3.6hz),137.95,135.21,130.64(d,j=4.1hz),130.36(d,j=5.3hz),130.30(d,j=3.0hz),129.93(d,j=8.2hz),129.49(d,j=2.6hz),124.39,124.19,70.17,67.61,56.49,36.36,33.60,30.93,27.24,27.10,19.12.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h35clf2n2o2[m-cl]+:457.2661,found:457.2666.
f19:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為75%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.11(s,1h),8.38–8.10(m,3h),8.01(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.93(d,j=8.4hz,2h),7.78(d,j=15.7hz,1h),7.33(dt,j=16.5,9.1hz,2h),4.59(s,2h),3.66–3.51(m,2h),3.31(s,6h),1.79(s,2h),1.31–1.17(m,10h),0.83(d,j=6.7hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.34,164.76(d,j=12.7hz),162.73,162.42(d,j=12.7hz),162.26(d,j=12.9hz),159.90(d,j=12.6hz),142.54,133.75(d,j=1.9hz),132.87,130.71(dd,j=10.0,3.6hz),129.87,123.76,119.26(d,j=3.8hz),119.13,112.58(d,j=3.4hz),112.37(d,j=3.5hz),104.55(t,j=26.1hz),64.90,62.35,51.25,31.10,28.35(d,j=1.9hz),25.67,21.98,21.84,13.87.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h35clf2n2o2[m-cl]+:457.2661,found:457.2668.
f20:產物為黃色固體,產率為73%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.98(s,1h),8.82(s,1h),8.29(d,j=7.3hz,1h),8.21(d,j=8.3hz,2h),8.13(d,j=15.8hz,1h),7.94(dd,j=23.0,12.0hz,3h),7.32(d,j=9.2hz,1h),4.56(s,2h),3.55(s,2h),3.30(s,6h),1.78(s,2h),1.27(d,j=23.0hz,11h),0.84(d,j=6.6hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.48,162.73,162.04,142.49,140.85,135.86,132.99,129.92,127.17,124.31,123.97,123.73,119.10,113.01,65.26,64.91,62.33,51.25,31.11,28.36,25.67,21.99,21.83,14.31,13.89.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc29h40cln3o5[m-cl]+:510.2962,found:510.3000.
f21:產物為棕色固體,產率為95%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.98(s,1h),8.09(d,j=8.7hz,2h),7.90(dd,j=17.4,12.4hz,3h),7.69(d,j=16.0hz,1h),7.63–7.50(m,1h),7.27(t,j=8.8hz,2h),4.55(s,2h),3.60–3.49(m,2h),3.30(s,6h),1.78(s,2h),1.31–1.21(m,10h),0.84(t,j=6.7hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.53,162.76,161.06(d,j=253.6hz),142.62,132.63,132.47(d,j=11.1hz),129.80,128.91,127.31(t,j=7.5hz),119.25,112.47(d,j=5.0hz),112.20(d,j=9.4hz),111.93(d,j=15.3hz),64.87,62.27,51.24,31.12,28.36,25.66,22.00,21.83,13.89.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc27h35clf2n2o2[m-cl]+:457.2661,found:457.2668.
f22:產物為棕色固體,產率為87%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.84(s,1h),8.19(d,j=8.5hz,2h),8.00–7.85(m,3h),7.81(d,j=8.2hz,2h),7.72(d,j=15.5hz,1h),7.48(d,j=8.2hz,2h),4.52(s,2h),3.73–3.42(m,2h),3.28(s,6h),1.77(s,2h),1.35–1.17(m,19h),0.85(t,j=6.6hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.65,162.67,153.54,143.57,142.22,133.32,132.01,129.77,128.70,125.70,121.11,119.12,64.93,62.33,51.26,34.63,31.11,30.88,28.35,25.66,21.99,21.83,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc31h45cln2o2[m-cl]+:477.3476,found:477.3482.
f23:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為83%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.13(s,1h),8.38(d,j=7.7hz,1h),8.25(d,j=8.0hz,2h),8.08(d,j=15.3hz,1h),7.97(t,j=11.2hz,3h),7.83(dd,j=16.5,7.8hz,2h),7.69(t,j=7.4hz,1h),4.61(s,2h),3.56(d,j=7.3hz,2h),3.33(s,6h),1.79(s,2h),1.26(d,j=23.9hz,10h),0.83(d,j=6.7hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,cdcl3)δ192.40,167.64,147.64,143.05,138.29,138.01,137.67,135.13,134.98,134.71(d,j=10.7hz),133.65,133.26(d,j=8.2hz),132.92,131.07(d,j=5.3hz),130.99,130.52,127.80,124.33,70.29,67.63,56.38,36.37,33.68,31.00,27.27,27.23,19.05.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc28h36clf3n2o2[m-cl]+:489.2723,found:489.2728.
f24:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為66%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.08(s,1h),8.21(d,j=8.7hz,2h),7.99–7.84(m,3h),7.80(d,j=8.0hz,2h),7.72(d,j=15.6hz,1h),7.29(d,j=8.0hz,2h),4.59(s,2h),3.56(dd,j=10.0,6.6hz,2h),3.31(s,6h),2.36(s,3h),1.78(s,2h),1.25(dd,j=14.9,8.2hz,10h),0.84(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.55,162.69,143.65,142.30,140.58,133.26,131.98,129.75,129.50,128.87,120.80,119.07,64.86,62.32,51.23,31.12,28.37,25.68,22.00,21.84,21.06,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc28h39cln2o2[m-cl]+:435.3006,found:435.3013.
f25:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為85%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ12.00(s,1h),8.20(d,j=8.7hz,2h),7.97–7.79(m,5h),7.72(d,j=15.5hz,1h),7.03(d,j=8.7hz,2h),4.57(s,2h),3.83(s,3h),3.55(dd,j=10.2,6.5hz,2h),3.30(s,6h),1.78(s,2h),1.25(dd,j=14.8,7.9hz,10h),0.84(t,j=6.8hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.46,162.66,161.29,143.58,142.15,133.44,130.73,129.67,127.34,119.34,119.05,114.37,64.87,62.31,55.35,51.23,31.12,28.36,25.67,22.00,21.83,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc28h39cln2o3[m-cl]+:451.2955,found:451.2963.
f26:產物為紅褐色固體,產率為70%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.99(s,1h),8.11(s,2h),7.92(d,j=9.9hz,3h),7.57(s,2h),7.12(s,1h),6.71(s,1h),4.55(s,2h),3.54(s,2h),3.29(s,6h),1.77(s,2h),1.28(s,10h),0.84(s,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.03,162.69,151.15,146.14,142.27,133.10,130.13,129.59,119.16,118.50,116.96,113.10,64.88,62.29,51.23,31.11,28.36,25.66,21.99,21.82,13.90.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc25h35cln2o3[m-cl]+:411.2642,found:411.2649.
f27:產物為淺黃色固體,產率為78%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ11.75(s,1h),8.13(d,j=8.6hz,2h),7.91(d,j=15.3hz,1h),7.87(d,j=8.6hz,2h),7.80(d,j=5.0hz,1h),7.70(d,j=3.4hz,1h),7.57(d,j=15.3hz,1h),7.23–7.17(m,1h),4.49(s,2h),3.58–3.49(m,2h),3.28(s,6h),1.76(s,2h),1.31–1.21(m,10h),0.84(t,j=6.7hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.09,162.67,142.20,139.73,136.40,133.12,132.78,130.38,129.69,128.70,120.14,119.14,64.90,62.26,51.25,31.11,28.35,25.65,21.99,21.82,13.91.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc25h35cln2o2s[m-cl]+:427.2414,found:427.2417.
f28:產物為棕色固體,產率為65%。
1hnmr(400mhz,dmso)δ8.13(d,j=8.8hz,2h),7.90(t,j=11.9hz,3h),7.80(d,j=5.0hz,1h),7.70(d,j=3.5hz,1h),7.57(d,j=15.3hz,1h),7.20(dd,j=5.0,3.7hz,1h),4.52(s,2h),3.61–3.49(m,2h),3.29(s,6h),1.81–1.70(m,2h),1.40–1.27(m,2h),0.94(t,j=7.4hz,3h).13cnmr(101mhz,dmso)δ187.12,162.66,142.23,139.74,136.38,133.12,132.75,130.36,129.69,128.69,120.19,119.16,64.81,62.35,51.20,23.87,19.13,13.43.hr-ms(esi)calcdforc21h27cln2o2s[m-cl]+:371.1788,found:371.1790.。
應用例1體外抗菌活性測試
1、實驗方法
微量肉湯稀釋法:
(1)抗菌藥物貯存液制備:制備抗菌藥物貯備液的濃度為2560μg/ml,溶解度低的抗菌藥物可稍低于上述濃度。所需抗菌藥物溶液量或粉劑量可公式進行計算。配制好的抗菌藥物貯存液應貯存于-20℃以下環境,保存期不超過6個月。
(2)待測菌的制備:用接種環挑取過夜培養的mh(a)培養皿上的單菌落于mh(b)培養基中,校準為0.5麥氏比濁標準,約含菌數1×108cfu/ml,然后稀釋100倍,即得到約含菌數1×106cfu/ml的菌液,備用。
(3)分別將抗菌藥物貯備液母液(2560μg/ml)稀釋10倍,得到濃度為256μg/ml的抗菌藥物溶液。取無菌的96孔板,第一孔加入200μl的抗菌藥物,第二至十孔分別加入100μl的mh肉湯培養基,從第一孔吸取100μl加入第二孔,混勻,再吸取100μl至第三孔,依次類推,第十孔吸取100μl棄去。此時各孔藥物濃度依次為:256、128、64、32、16、8、4、2、1、0.5μg/ml,第十一孔加入200μl菌液(陽性對照),第十二孔加入200μlmh(b)培養基(陰性對照)。
(4)然后在1至10孔各加入50μl之前備好的菌液,使每管最終菌液濃度約為5×105cfu/ml,第1孔至第11孔藥物濃度分別為128、64、32、16、8、4、2、1、0.5、0.25μg/ml。將接種好的96孔板放置37℃培養箱進行培養,24h觀察菌液生長情況。同時用標準株做質控。
(5)結果判斷與解釋:在讀取和報告所測試菌株的mic前,應檢查生長對照管的細菌生長情況是否良好,同時還應檢查接種物的傳代培養情況以確定其是否污染,質控菌株的mic值是否處于質控范圍。以肉眼觀察,藥物最低濃度管無細菌生長者,即為受試菌的mic。
應用例2體外紅細胞溶血性實驗
(1)實驗材料:10mlep管,96孔板,新鮮脫脂羊血。
(2)pbs緩沖液:500ml規格,氯化鈉4g,氯化鉀100mg,二水合磷酸二氫鈉1.49g,無水磷酸二氫鉀100mg,去離子水定容至490ml,調節ph7.2-7.4之間,滅菌,用10ml滅過菌的超純水溶解900mg葡萄糖后加入pbs溶液中。
(3)質量百分含量5%紅細胞懸浮液的制備:新鮮的脫纖維羊血冷凍于冰箱里,配置好的pbs緩沖液放置于37℃水浴鍋中,即用即取。
取兩支10mlep管置于試管架,將37℃pbs取出水浴鍋和冷藏的新鮮羊血一起噴酒精,放入超凈臺。用移液槍分別吸取5700微升pbs加入兩支ep管中,再分別吸取300微升羊血,緩慢加入到pbs溶液中,蓋蓋子,上下緩慢顛倒混勻,放入離心機1500轉、離心10min,取出ep管,小心吸取上清,移除上清。再重新分別加入5~7mlpbs溶液,上下緩慢顛倒混勻,放入離心1500轉離心10min。如此反復操作,直至離心后上清液不再渾濁。最后一次離心過后,撇去上清液,紅細胞沉積物留置待用。
取幾支10mlep管,放置試管架上,于每支ep管中加入5700μl的pbs(37℃),然后依次加入300μl的紅細胞沉積物。上下緩慢顛倒混勻,如此,便配置好質量百分含量5%的紅細胞懸液。
(4)樣品溶液的配置:用少量的dmso溶解藥物(dmso終濃度不能大于0.5%),并且用相同體積的dmso做陰性對照。溶解藥物后的dmso用pbs稀釋,此時這支ep管內的藥物為初始藥物(例如,第一孔濃度定為1000μg/ml,那么第一孔加入的50μl中藥物的含量就是2mg,配置成2mg/50μl的溶液)。然后平行取九支1.5mlep管置于試管架中,分別加入200μl的pbs(編號2號、3號、4號……10號)。所有藥物都如此平行操作。最后,由初始藥物ep管中吸取200μl的藥品溶液加入2號ep管中,反復吹洗后吸取200μl到3號ep管中,反復吹洗……重復操作,直到10號ep管。如此,稀釋好藥物。
(5)鋪板:取96孔板,寫好實驗編號,藥品代碼,日期。將移液槍調至150μl,將配置好的質量百分含量5%紅細胞懸液上下輕緩顛倒混勻,依次吸取鋪入96孔板中(6×10)。然后將配置好的藥物對應加入96孔板中,一個藥物三個復孔。加完后放置37℃恒溫箱內孵育1h。
(6)后處理:將96孔板從恒溫箱內取出,置于離心機內離心(3500rpm,5min)。離心完畢,每塊板對應都取一塊新的96孔板。標注和離心后的板子對照。然后對應地吸取100μl上清液(孔孔對應)。吸取完畢后,與酶標儀中測取od值,分析數據,得到hc50。
實驗結果:
表一:目標化合物f1-f28對革蘭氏陰性及陽性敏感菌和耐藥菌的mic(μg/ml)
結果和體外紅細胞溶血性hc50(μg/ml)結果
a:mrsa(耐甲氧西林的金黃色葡萄球菌),vre(耐萬古霉素的腸球菌),kpc(產kpc-2酶cre),ndm(產ndm-1的cre);b:未測mic;c:萬古霉素;d:美羅培南
表二:部分化合物對10株無重復mrsa臨床株的mic(μg/ml)
a:耐甲氧西林的金黃色葡萄球菌
表三:部分化合物對12株無重復產ndm-1酶臨床株mic(μg/ml)
a:產ndm-1的cre
表四:部分化合物對12株無重復產kpc-2酶臨床株mic(μg/ml)結果
a:產kpc-2酶cre
表五:部分化合物對9株無重復vre臨床株的mic(μg/ml)結果
a:耐萬古霉素的腸球菌
由表一可見,所合成的化合物f1-f28中,大部分化合物針對革蘭氏陽性菌金黃色葡萄球菌和大腸糞腸球菌,革蘭氏陰性菌大腸埃希菌和銅綠假單胞菌的mic(μg/ml)均表現出很好的活性,顯示這類化合物具有優異的廣譜抗菌活性;同時,其體外紅細胞溶血性數據顯示,具有較小的毒性,很好的選擇性。
根據表一中mic結果,可以得出f8,f9,f10,f11,f14,f19,f23,f24,f25,f26,f27活性相對較好,然后對這11個化合物測定對四種臨床分離的耐藥菌活性,結果見表二,三,四,五。可以看出這類化合物對于mrsa、vre、產ndm-1和kpc-2酶的cre臨床株菌顯示良好的抗菌活性。因此,可以得出結論:該類化合物具有較好的成藥前景。